The Agenda Setting Function of the Mass Media - 1992 Words

Introduction In 1922, Walter Lippmann suggested the very first idea of agenda-setting in his book â€Å"Public Opinion†, and Bernard Cohen (1963) said â€Å"The media may not tell us what to think, but they are stunning successful in telling us what to think about†. Those concepts assumed that with the limited ability and innate curiosity of human beings, most people rely on media institutions to gain information outside family, neighborhood and workplace. Thus the media organizations have the priority to choose which information is quality enough to be the most important, which is not, and the information emphasized by the media could salience transfer to the public. To verify this concept, McCombs and Shaw conducted the first empirical research,†¦show more content†¦Each part mentioned above interweaving with each other comes into being the net of agenda-setting theory. This literature review will use three levels of agenda setting effects as entry point to discussion the core concept of agenda setting theory—the prominent transference from media agenda and public agenda. Five original published researches will be described and analyzed. Although many parts aforementioned can not be included in those five studies, with the long history and complicated net of agenda-setting theory, three levels of agenda setting could be an appropriate point cut, just as Guo, Vu and McCombs (2012) suggest:† agenda-setting has evolved from a focus on media effects on the public’s perception of the most important issues of the day to a theory elaborating a hierarchy of communication effects, its core is three levels of agenda-setting†. Considering of that, the following contents will include (1) the explanation of each level agenda-setting. (2) The effects and limitations of agenda-setting theory. (3) The important meaning of five selected res earches. The valuation of agenda-setting theory will also be discussed by analyzing those parts mentioned above. The first level of agenda-setting The first level of agenda-setting focus on the media agenda effects on the opinion of public agenda, whichShow MoreRelatedThe Concepts Of Agenda Setting And Framing1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe concepts of agenda setting and framing are widespread and prevalent within mass media and in everyday forms of life. McCombs and Shaw define agenda setting as â€Å"the idea that there is a strong correlation between the emphasis that mass media places on certain issues†¦ and the importance attributed to these issues by mass audiences.† (Scheufele 11) A related concept to agenda setting is framing, the idea that media can â€Å"select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient in a communicatingRead MoreThe Agenda Setting Model Can Guide The Public Opinion And Mass Communication1464 Words   |  6 Pagesthe agenda setting. The agenda setting model can guide the public opinion and mass communication about some social or political issues. Different with media e ffects model, the media effects more like to telling people how to think, however, the agenda setting model is successful in telling people what to think about. In a general way, agenda setting theory was constructed in the environment of traditional mass media, and the purpose is to study traditional mass media. About the visual agenda settingRead MoreMass Media Influence On People s Ideas About Society936 Words   |  4 PagesJamilah Alfadhli ENG 110-01 November 13, 2015 Mass Media Influence in Shaping People’s Ideas about Society The most important goal for mass media is to make high revenues. To make this goal real and earn that money mass media maker or producer put effective working plans. These effective plans could be in all different kinds of any mass media. There are several effects of made mass media planning before it broadcasting a message to improve it economic. These effects are; effects of advertisingRead MoreAgenda Setting Theory And Social Media1317 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Agenda-Setting Theory and Social Media The agenda-setting theory states that the media influences what people choose to think about. The theory emerged from communication studies and focuses on mass media and setting the public agenda. In the seminal article, McCombs and Shaw (1972) found a high correlation between media agenda and the public agenda through content analysis of a local election. The theorists wanted to discover what types of people are most susceptible to the media agenda throughRead MoreThe Agenda Setting Theory Of The Mass Media1033 Words   |  5 Pages Theory Overview Agenda setting theory is the hypothesis done by Shaw and McCombs, stating that the mass media has the ability to transfer the importance of issues on their news agenda to the public agenda. This theory contrasted with the selective exposure hypothesis which held that people only attend to stories which confirm their world view. The theory had two attractive features, one it reaffirms the power of the press and second it maintains individual freedom. Also it is represented a backRead MoreThe Theory And Magic Bullet Theory767 Words   |  4 PagesTo begin with, throughout the semester in Mass Communication Theory and Research we’ve discussed various research theories; however, the two theories that interest me were the agenda setting theory and magic bullet theory. I choose these two theories specifically because they both focused on how the media is the core and how it can immensely affect audience’s perception and behavior towards the media. First, The Agenda Setting Function of the Mass Media, it was first put forth by Maxwell McCombsRead MoreAgenda Setting Theory Of The United States Government And Its 300 Million Inhabitants Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pageschannels, including politics, interpersonal communication, and the mass media.   How does a specific item gain or lose momentum in this discussion?   Agenda Setting Theory attempts to describe the forces dictating the perceived importance (salience) of specific issues, occurrences, or values by individuals (McCombs Shaw, 1972, p. 177; Shaw, McCombs, Weaver, and Hamm, 1999, pp. 2-4). Agenda Setting Theory describes how the mass media affect the public salience of issues, especially those of politicalRead MoreThe Trial Of Simpson : An Agenda Setting Analysis1508 Words   |  7 PagesSimpson: An Agenda-Setting Analysis Mariah Short University of Kentuckyâ€Æ' The Trial of O.J. Simpson: An Agenda-Setting Analysis During the infamous O.J. Simpson trial the television news media was ever present. Placing the trial as a top news story set in motion the idea that this trial was an important issue. However, the television news media was not successful at determining whether O.J. was guilty or not. For this reason, the O.J. Simpson trial is an excellent example of the Agenda Setting TheoryRead MoreSocial Media Has Changed The Landscape Of The Media Environment984 Words   |  4 Pages Social media has changed the landscape of the media environment, and the way millions go about obtaining their news. Technology has now made it possible to speak to a large amount of people at one time. With a proliferation of new technologies social media platforms are uniquely positioned to capitalize on the communication aspect of social media, which makes it exceptionally influential. Many of us are familiar with the term social media, have used social media, but could not readily defineRead MoreEffect And Relationship Between Agenda Setting And News Framing Essay1301 Words   |  6 Pages This study examined the effects and relationship between agenda setting and news framing having significate weight within newspaper articles on portraying Australian political issues. The media content analysis is based on findings from news articles within the Courier Mail over a period of four weeks using journalistic, communication and theoretical explanations. The main question is the effects and relationship between agenda setting and news framing within newspaper articles. The study seemed

The Future Tense With Will and Going to

The future in English can be rather confusing. There are two future forms used in most conversations: the future with will and the future with going to. The main difference between the two forms is that going to is used for plans and intentions made before the moment of speaking, and the will to speak about the future at the moment of speaking. Study these basic forms and then use the referenced resources to practice these forms. Teachers can print out these materials for use in-class, or find help with how to teach future forms, as well as the lesson plans suggested below. The Future With Will There are two basic future tenses used to describe things that happen in the future. Besides these two there are some other future tenses which can be started on the advanced future tenses page. The first future tense is the future with will. Use the future with will to talk about an event in the future that you have just decided to do, for predictions and for promises. Examples: I think Ill go to that party next week.The economy will get better soon.Yes, I will marry you. Future With Will Structure: Positive:  Subject will verb (I, You, He, She, We, They) will come to the party. Negative:  Subject will not (wont) verb (I, You, He, She, We, They) wont have time tomorrow. Questions:  Question word will subject verb What will (he, she, you, we) they do? The Future With Going To The future with going to is used to express events you have already planned in the future and your intentions for the future. We sometimes also use the present continuous for planned events in the near future. Examples: Shes going to attend university and study to become a doctor.Were going to make the presentation next week. Future With Going to Structure: Positive:  Subject to be going to verb I am going to attend the meeting.(He, She) is going to attend the meeting.(You, We, They) are going to attend the meeting. Negative:  Subject to be not going to verb Im not going to visit Rome next year.(He, She) isnt going to visit Rome next year.(You, We, They) arent going to visit Rome next year. Questions:  Ã‚  (Question word) to be subject going to verb Where am I going to stay?Where is (she, he) going to stay?Where are (you, we, they) going to stay? Additional Future Tense Resources Here is an in depth guide to  both the future with will and with going to.Take the  Future Forms Quiz for Advanced LearnersResource for ESL Teachers. This intermediate lesson focuses solely on the future with will and going to and  includes a step by step guide through the lesson and handouts to use in class. Activities With the Future With Will and Going to Some activities that will help you practice: Planning a Party - Dialogue concentrating on the future with will and going to.The Meeting - Dialogue with schedules, future plansThe Oregon Weather Forecast - Dialogue with the use of the future with will for predictions, weather vocabularyEnglish Tenses Timeline Chart - study how the future forms with will and going to relate to other tenses on a timeline.

Definition Paper- Beauty Is Not in the Eyes of the Beholder Free Essays

UC-110 31 October 2012 Beauty What does it mean to have beauty? What is beauty really? Questions like these can be explained through the definition of beauty. The problem is that beauty in today’s society has acquired multiple meanings. How many times has one heard the phrase, beauty is in the eyes of the beholder, or how about, beauty is on the inside? These happen to be common misconceptions. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition Paper- Beauty Is Not in the Eyes of the Beholder or any similar topic only for you Order Now The true definition of beauty is ironically hidden behind a mask of deception. Glancing through history brings to light the harsh reality of what beauty was and still is today. Individuals need to look beyond the common myth that beauty is merely subjective. Beauty is a perceptual quality that is a product of innate human design. Love it or hate it, from the moment you opened your eyes, beauty was already defined. Going back in time and reviewing the evolution of beauty demonstrates the definition, as well as disproving beauty is merely subjective. The Darwin theory of beauty is scientific evidence that there is a reason for universal aesthetic pleasure. Dennis Dutton, a scientist and philosopher states, â€Å"Beauty is an adaptive effect in which we extend and intensify in the creation of works of art and in the identification of human beings. † Dutton pronounced this statement after studying the universality of beauty across a wide range of topics. It is impossible that humans all perceive the same qualities as unique and aesthetically pleasing when we live in such diverse places. Sexual evolution plays an important role in defining beauty as a product of innate human design. The peacock for example contains beautiful feathers that in no way help with basic survival. However, the peahen is extremely attracted to the peacock because of its feathers, they are aesthetically pleasing. The peacock proves that mammals are born with qualities that bring about pleasure rather than survival. Humans are in this category with mammals. Humans contain symmetrically pleasing elements that have little to do with survival. These elements are what prove that beauty is innate. Beauty may have scientifically evolved into what individuals perceive it as today, but the aspect of science has been removed from the concept itself. Confidence is another concept that finds itself in the same position as beauty. Confidence, by society has been changed to be a quality in which anyone can radiate through their â€Å"swag. † In reality, just like beauty not everyone can radiate confidence. Christopher Cardoso reported, â€Å"Confidence and positive self-image is just a balance of hormones. Oxytocin is responsible for what a lot of us think is confidence around our peers. † Beauty is the same way, â€Å"It turns out standards of beauty are not only the same across individuals and cultures, they are also innate. We are born with the notion of who’s beautiful and who’s not† (Satoshi Kanazawa). In fact studies have shown that infants (who have had no environmental exposure) stare at the faces of adults that are considered beautiful by other adults longer than those who are not considered beautiful. An infant is incapable of developing perceptual knowledge based on its environment about what is aesthetically pleasing. Without determining the effects and causes of this definition, it would be unjust to define beauty as a perceptual quality that is a product of innate human design. Models starve to be perceived as beautiful, while others make a living on determining who will be considered aesthetically pleasing. The society in which we live in from Australia to the United States all puts beautiful people and items on a pedestal. Unfortunately, because beauty is not in the eyes of the beholder, people will search their whole lives to become roles in society that require beauty. Devoted to a lost cause, some will never be successful. Beauty has become an industry of manipulators that try to prove to those who were not born with the innate quality of beauty that synthetic things can get them there. In societies that can sometimes over look individuals’ feelings and emotions, a scientific definition of beauty might appear harsh. This explains why alternate definitions have shown prevalence, with beauty as a subjective concept. As it can be useful to define beauty in terms of the â€Å"beholder,† it is more important to recognize a definition that is scientifically proven. It is important that individuals can accept that beauty is in fact a perceptual quality, but one that is a product of innate human design. Works Cited Cardoso, Christopher. â€Å"Hormone Oxytocin Nasal Spray Makes People More Sociable and Confident. IsaA? de. N. p. , 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 27 Oct. 2012. http://www. isaude. net/en/noticia/23466/general/hormone-oxytocin-nasal-spray-makes-people-more-sociable-and-confident. Denis Dutton: A Darwinian Theory of Beauty. Perf. Denis Dutton and Andrew Park. TED Conferences, LLC, n. d. Seminar. TED: Ideas worth Spreading. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. http://www. ted. co m/talks/denis_dutton_a_darwinian_theory_of_beauty. html. â€Å"Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. † Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 05 Nov. 2012. http://www. psychologytoday. com/. How to cite Definition Paper- Beauty Is Not in the Eyes of the Beholder, Essay examples

Managing And Coordinating The Hr Function an Organization Sample

Question: Discuss about the Managing And Coordinating The Hr Function. Answer: Introduction HRM functions: HRM functions help an organization manage its employees. It provides an organization a structure and help in satisfying the needs of the organization with the help of employees. Efficiency and management of workforce can be done with the help of HR department. Also, HR department deals with the recruitment, employee safety, employee relationships, compensation and benefits, and training and development of the employees. An efficient HRM manages the workforce so that the employee can contribute efficiently and effectively towards the organization. Qatar Airways: Qatar Airways are one of the youngest airlines. It was founded in 1993 and was re-launched in 1994 under the instructions of the Emir, his highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani. It is partially owned by the government. It has around 39,000 employees and consists of 300 fleets. The organization is headquartered in Doha, Qatar. It flies to more than 150 destinations. The airline is growing every year and increasing its market share (Qatar Airways, 2016). Mission statement A mission statements gives the aim of the organization and communicates the organizations reason for its being. It also aims to serve its stakeholders. The benefit from the organization can be taken by customers, employees, investors and stakeholders. A mission statement in an organization includes the values that it gives to its customers. Also, it includes the future aspects of an organization and steps that are being taken for the improvement of the organization. It represents the improvement in the organization and also include the aim what it want to be in the future. Qatar Airways is been a well flourished airline and is making progress every year by increasing its profits. Due to its innovation in service providing and quality of services there is no declination in its sustainability (Kemp, 2012). The airways delivers an elite service to its audiences and meets up to their expectations. The customers get more that their expectations when they are served by the airlines. The co mpetitors of the airlines are also providing the similar services therefore to gain an advantage over them the Qatar airways have improved its services so that it can attract its target customers. Therefore Qatar airways is always trying to flourish in the future by applying innovation through their focused strategies. The five mission statements of the organization are as follows: Dedicate ourselves to provide safe services to the customers through our activities. Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in the communities. Incorporating advanced technologies and innovation so as to provide elite services to the customers. Providing cleanliness, hygiene and comfort during the flight to all its customers. Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. These statements are future oriented as providing safer services to the customers is the main priority of the airline due to recent hijacks and crash reports. The organization should ensure that safety of the customers is very important for the organization. This mission statement is very useful in ensuring the customers regarding the safety issues. Sometimes the problem of culture and customs are there in the flights. As the flight travels in different nation so it must ensure that each culture should be respected and the organization will provide services accordingly to the customers during the flight. In future to become successful the organization should remain updated by improving its technologies in the fleets. By providing innovative services to the customers help the organization to attract customers towards the brand. Innovation in services is related to the entertainment during the flights. Providing the flights with satellite phones, internet services during the flight and screens showing some entertainment stuff during the flight are related to innovative technology. Comfort in the flights is very important. Customers who are travelling long distance needs a comfortable journey. Providing them with comfortable seats and services with hygiene should be the main issue of the airlines. The flights should be environment friendly and does not harm the environment. The HRM department should ensure the recruitment of the staff that will ensure that these missions should be accomplished by the organization (Sengupta Sengupta, 2014). Role of HRM department Recruitment: The mission statements of the company can be accomplished with the help of Human resource. Also an effective performance of an organization can be achieved by the help of human resource. As, HR department helps in attracting the diverse and competent applicant and utilizing their techniques in the work. The recruitment process in Qatar Airways is highly demanding. To maintain a cheerful and friendly environment in the Qatar airways, the applicants of each department have to meet a criteria related to the age, qualification and physical attributes. Group interviews and after that in depth interviews are conducted to evaluate the competencies of the applicant and whether he or she is suitable for the job (Mayhew, 2017). Reward, welfare and benefits: After the recruitment process it is the duty of the HR department to retain the talent in the organization. The rewards and other benefits like growth in professional front, appraisals, pay hike must be given to the employees so that the employee does not leave the company. The talent management should be done by the organization so that good employee does not leave the company as they are the real assets of the company. The employee helps in the achievement of the goals that are processed by the organization. Therefore, awards and benefits play an important role in the organization. Learning and Development: Learning and development is a key component for the success of the service firms. To meet the customers expectation and provide excellent services learning and development of the employee is necessary. Also, it helps in the growth of the organization as trained employees will provide better services to the customers and the organization will achieve customer satisfaction. The training is provided to the employees who provide services and also to the executive staff. These trainings help in learning and development of the employees. Training and development as a requirement for small business A small organization which is not having dedicated HR function department. For updating the knowledge and skills of the employees the training of the employees is necessary. It will help in polishing the skills of the employees and make the employee to compete in the corporate world. Also, from an employee point of view, training sessions are important for the growth of an individual. With the help of training sessions an employee sees its growth professionally, which helps in increasing the professional skills of the employees. The organization also provides training sessions so that talent in the organization can be retained. If the employee will not see ant growth in the organization, he or she will leave the job. So, training and development sessions are necessary for the growth of the organization as well as for the employee. Also, appraisals are important for the employees growth as it is a part of motivation to the employee. If an employee sees the financial growth in the company the work of the employee becomes effective and efficient. Efficient working of the employee helps the company to grow very fast (Scott, 2017). Due to the small organization having only 75 employees and no HR department it is difficult to provide training to each and every employee due to the lack of funds. But, the company manages to provide the training and development session to each employee every year. Also, it gives appraisals to the employees. Managers of the company are interested in improving the effectiveness of the company. HR department can help in increasing the effectiveness of the company. The main functions of HR departments are recruitment, training and development, employees safety, talent management and compensation and benefits. The recruitment diverse and competent employee help in the company to do effective work. The appropriate employee for the specific work helps in doing the work effectively and it will help in the growth of the company. Also, by providing training and learning sessions to the employees help in increasing the skills of the employee. With this the employees can work efficiently and w ill help the company to do innovative and effective work. Giving appraisals and pay hikes to the employees contribute in job satisfaction. An employee having job satisfaction can work efficiently. A dissatisfied employee cannot work efficiently and will leave the job. Therefore, to retain talent in the organization job satisfaction of the employee is necessary which can done by providing the employee with professional and financial growth. Therefore, by incorporating HR department, the work effectiveness of the employees can be enhanced. Incorporating HR department in the organization is a costly affair which is not possible for the company. Therefore, By outsourcing the work of HR department the effectiveness can be brought into the company. Outsourcing HR department Outsourcing of HR department in a business allows an organization to bring effectiveness in the work. The HR department in an organization sees the employees recruitment, training and development, payroll, maintain files and records. By outsourcing the HR department in the company can gain advantages in many aspects. It will help in cost saving, increasing efficiency and will help in employee development. Cost Saving A fully functional human resource department requires an experienced staff and space for the operation and which cannot be afforded by the organization. Therefore, outsourcing may help the business in the way having the HR department without creating the space for it. Also, the cost of other elements in the business can be reduced. As the company provides the training to the staff by using its funds. These funds can be utilized somewhere else by incorporating the HR department with the help of outsourcing. Also, cost of outsourcing are variable and can be reduced. By outsourcing the HR department the services will become cost effective (Business Legal Resources, 2017). Increase in Efficiency To maintain a productive and efficient workplace is difficult without the help of HR department. Outsourcing will help in creating effectiveness and efficiency with human resource systems. It will use an advanced technology to improve the HR work and provide the employees with best learning. Also, the main HR functions can be streamlined with the help of outsourcing. Payrolls and appraisals can be maintained with the help of the advanced technology. The managers in the company can focus on their own work rather than the HR work. Managers will get innovative methods and less time is required for doing the work as earlier by doing paper work. This will increase the efficiency of the work. More time will be given to the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness (Gray, 2013). Employee Development With the help of outsourcing the employee performance and development can be managed. Incorporating performance management plans can help in improving the job performance. These plans help in employees complying with the company policies and help them in meeting the companys business objectives. Also, these performance plans help the employee to get the real status of the objectives of the company (Skolnick, 2016). This helps the employees to work in that particular direction to do the work efficiently. Also, the outsourcing firms monitors the employees performance time to time. It will help the organization to know regarding the shortcomings of the employees. Therefore, training and learning sessions can be provided according to the employees performance. This helps in reducing the workload from the managers and help them focus towards their work. Training and development sessions also help in the development of the employees. The employees work efficiency can be increased by provid ing the training sessions. As the HR department analyses the performance of each employee, it can help in providing the training in particular aspect where the employee lacks efficiency. This will make an employee effective and also help the organization to grow (Herner, 2011). Determination of Pay scales of the employees For attracting a talented and qualified staff in an organization employees payment must be decided appropriately as it affects the talent recruitment. Determining the proper pay scale affects the efficiency and productivity of an organization. Setting the pay scale appropriately with the scale not too much or not too low help in recruiting the appropriate candidate for the job. The pay scale of the employees can be determined on the following factors. Comparison of job descriptions with other job posting: By comparing similar positions with other job postings will help in ensuring the salary levels. The duties, skills and qualifications should be compared to determine the salary for the job (Silva, 2014). By assessing the scale from other companies: By the assessment the organization can realize that position require the this much amount of pay scale. Employers survey will help in getting the scale for the particular job position and for the particular qualification. These research groups help in determining the wages and information regarding the salary of the particular position. Assessment through Employers survey: This survey will help in analyzing the scale for the particular position in the organization. The survey will help the organization to analyze according to the level of the company. As, MNCs salary for a particular position is more than as compared to the local industry. Information from Public sector job databases: These databases will also help in analyzing the salary for the particular position. As the pay structure of public sectors are the competitive with the private sectors. This will help in determining the salary levels (PWC, 2016). Tracking the earlier wages, experience and credentials of the employees: By getting the earlier information regarding the term served by the employee in earlier company, and the salary taken by the employee can also help in determining the salary. Employees training and development opportunities can become a deciding factor for receiving of higher compensation. The experience also matters in the case of determining the salary of an employee. For example a manager with some experience and a manager with more experience should be given different salaries. Therefore, salaries are allotted to each individual based on the career track of the employee. Present Pay scale setting Scenario of the organization Presently the organization is using an informal approach for setting the scale of the employee. The negotiation of the salary is done when the candidate is offered the job. The managers decide the hike in the salary according to his or her way. This approach of setting the salary of an individual is not recommended for any organization. This type of negotiation can lead to the bad reputation of the organization and can pin point towards the ethical standards which are followed by the organization. Also, pay hikes done only by the managers, according to his views are not the ethical way of giving the hikes to the employees (Heskett, 2007). Appraisal and pay hike system in organization The pay hike system used by the organization is not ethically a right way to give benefits to the organization. The system is controlled by a manager only whose opinion is taken for the pay hikes. This system of hike can be biased. Therefore, by adopting this system, the employees cannot feel satisfied and talented employees will not choose the organization. The performance measurement of an employees can be done on taking into account various aspects. Also, various aspects can be analyzed taking into account the views of many person and feedback taken from the employees also. The KPI system can be used for the analysis of pay hikes in the company. Key Performance Indicator system Key performance indicator helps in regular checking of the employees performance. It helps in determining the field in which the employee is giving its maximum output. KPI in the system first analyses the goals and objectives of the company and then tune with the core practices linked to the business. After the analysis, it looks into the working of the employees. Also, it checks the dealing of employees with the clients. The employees are checked according to the work assigned to them. Each department can track its own KPI and it will help other departments also. By tracking and measuring each individual performance for a particular target, the comparison can be made (Mayhew, 2017). Therefore, comparisons will help in analyzing the real performer of the task. The organization can work on this system for giving pay hikes and appraisals to the employees. This system will let the examination of each employee and then the pay hikes can be given to the employee according to their perform ance score. This performance based system is not biased and is ethically correct. It will also bring in the satisfaction of the employee and can show out the scope of improvement in the employee. Therefore, for exact examination of the employee performance key performance indicators should be incorporated and older system of performance measurement should not be used. References Business Legal Resources, 2017. When and How to Outsource Training, Available at: https://trainingtoday.blr.com/article/when-and-how-to-outsourse-training/ Gray, N., 2013. 6 Top Reasons for Outsourcing Human Resources Functions, Available at: https://www.jobscience.com/blog/6-top-reasons-for-outsourcing-human-resources-functions/ Herner, M., 2011. What Small Companies Really Need from HR, Available at: https://www.payscale.com/compensation-today/2011/12/role-of-hr Heskett, J., 2007. How Should Pay Be Linked to Performance?, Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/how-should-pay-be-linked-to-performance Kemp, S., 2012. Mission Statements of International Airlines: A Content Analysis, Available at: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/288b/570895cba36d0a2cb9980545032bec8c0a88.pdf Mayhew, 2017. How to Determine the Proper Pay Scale for Employees, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/determine-proper-pay-scale-employees-11259.html Mayhew, R., 2017. Six Main Functions of a Human Resource Department, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/six-main-functions-human-resource-department-60693.html PWC, 2016. Research into modern pay systems: Office of Manpower Economics, Available at: https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/library/stay_informed_overseas_policy_updates/modern_pay_systems.pdf Qatar Airways, 2016. Qatar Airways Group Sustainability Report 2015 -2016, Available at: https://www.qatarairways.com/iwov-resources/temp-docs/csr/sustainability-report.pdf Scott, S., 2017. The Advantages of Outsourcing HR Functions, Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-outsourcing-hr-functions-21169.html Sengupta, N. Sengupta, M., 2014. Singapore Airlines: Gliding with People Excellence, Available at: https://sdmimd.ac.in/SDMRCMS/cases/CIM2014/10.pdf Silva, S., 2014. An introduction to performance and skill-based pay systems: International Labour Office, Available at: https://www.ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/actemp/downloads/publications/srspaysy.pdf Skolnick, A., 2016. Outsourcing HR: Big Savings for Small Businesses, Available at: https://www.inc.com/fiscal-times/human-resources-big-savings-for-small-business.html Answer: